Historical calendar – anniversary of the election of Stanisław Leszczyński as King of the Republic of Poland. This election took place under the patronage of the Swedish troops.
Today, in our Calendar, we will look at times that have been mocked. "from Sasa to Lasa".
In 1700 the large North War broke out. It began with a Danish attack on Holstein, Saxon on Inflanty and Russian on Estonia and Ingria. Rzeczpospolita did not officially participate in the struggles, as the Sejm did not consent to the participation of the Polish army in the attack. Nevertheless, the attack on Riga was brought out of Poland's subordinate lands. Young and underestimated by allies King Charles XII of Sweden, proved to be a large leader and organizer.
He led the lightning landing to Zelandia, and defeated Denmark, and threw his troops eastward, he defeated Peter I in the conflict of Narva. During 1701, he crashed the Saxon army at Riga, occupied Kurlandia and entered theoretically neutral Poland.
Lithuania, which he had to occupy, was in a dire economical state, and the Sapieh civilian war with another magnates and nobles continued there. On November 18, 1700 the conflict of Olkieniki took place, in which the nobles defeated the Sapiehs. A noble household lost its influence, and his possessions were mostly plundered and burned. Universal anarchy and lawlessness have effectively blocked the attempts to defy the Swedes.
Just as during the Turkish invasion of 1672, the nobles focused on private neighbourly clashes, alternatively of defending the full country, and hence their state of possession.
Charles XII took Vilnius without a fight and then Warsaw to yet go to Świętokrzyskie, where he defeated the combined Saxo-Polish forces in the conflict of Klishov. In the process, after stopping the enemy cavalry and effectively hitting Husaria, Crown Commander Jerome Lubomirski withdrew the Polish army, leaving Saxons to the Swedes. It was a individual revenge of the captain on King August II, whom he was a political opponent of. After the battle, Charles XII occupied crucial areas of Poland and then attacked Saxony.
In early 1704, in the face of August's escape from the country, a Warsaw confederation was established, which dropped Sasa from the throne. The Confederate, whose actual head was Swedish General Arvid Horn, led to the election of Swedish client king Stanisław Leszczyński.
The election, in which a fistful of nobles took part, was protected by Horn's army. The deliberations ended on July 12, 1704. Leszczyński promised Charles XII that he would accept the crown only in a deposit and shortly hand it over to Jakub Sobieski, which he never did. He besides signed the treaty, under which he completely subordinates Poland to Sweden.
In consequence to these actions, August II's supporters established Sandomierz confederation, which, thanks to anti-Swedish slogans and Russian support, gained over time the advantage over the supporters of Leszczyński. The intent of the sandomed was to expel the occupier and reconstruct the power of the Saxon king. In August 1704, supporters of August II signed an alliance with Russia in Narva, officially involving the Republic of Poland in the war.
The Saxony was mastered by the Swedes in 1706 Orc. August II was then forced to sign a humiliating peace in Altranstädt, under which he renounced the Polish crown for Leszinski. The country is in full chaos. The parliament did not gather, and the power came down in practice to local Seymists who struggled to keep the legal continuity of the state. The peculiar seismic regulation did not end until 1717.
Meanwhile, Piotr I utilized Swedish engagement in Polish and Saxon affairs to reorganize his army. Thanks to professional specialists, specified as Patrick Gordon, who have been operating at the Tsar Court for many years, he managed to upgrade his troops and decision on to a counteroffensive. Infuriated by Russian successes in Ingria, Charles XII, set out in 1707 to the east. The fighting continued on the lands of the Republic of Poland, and Poles were looted and murdered by both sides of the conflict.
In addition, the Russians utilized the tactics of "burned land", of course, of Polish land, to the attacking Swedes. Charles' offensive to Moscow failed, and his attempts to join forces with Cossack Mazepa's hetman, ended with a large defeat at Poltava from 1709, after which the balance of triumph in the war turned to the Russians. Supporters of Leszczyński and he himself had to leave the country soon, as did the Swedish troops.
Previous entry from our calendar is available Here.
