On the 160th anniversary of the birth and at the same time the names should be carefully looked at the achievements of Roman Dmowski. It belongs to the most forgotten and underestimated politicians in Poland. It is worth leaning over his character and learning a crucial function in history.
I will not hide that Dr. Roman Stanisław Dmowski belongs to the most prominent Poles, but to this day very underestimated, as well as with a lied biography, affecting the negative reception of the boy of a cobbler from Kamionka.
Prominent Diplomat
Diplomacy was his main asset, even though he did not like to compromise in national politics, being a upright man. Therefore, diplomats present should learn to differentiate that in the planet politics frequently do not respect the value of Latin civilization, but they lead a “dirty game”, which deviates from Christian morality and must be played as the opponent allows.
The Polish statesman managed not to convince Poles in the Grand Duchy of Poznań that the biggest enemy of Poland is Germany, that the most crucial issue is the unification of all 3 partitions, access to the sea, obtaining for Poland advanced Silesia, that the full nation in no way can support German or Austrian politics. Russia, in a covenant with France and England, is little dangerous than the Germans and should not be disturbed by a individual negative attitude towards them in the fight against Germany. The future proved that the situation was well assessed and the right way was chosen.
On 29 January 1919, during the Peace Conference in Versailles, Dmowski was invited before the alleged Council of Ten, in which the most crucial politicians of the victorious powers sat, and abruptly the French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau says, “Mr. Dmowski, you have the floor.” "What should I talk about?". "On the Polish case". He did not prepare the speech due to the fact that he did not anticipate to speak, but he prepared for it all his life. He showed large diplomatic talent and extraordinary competence. He gave a fewer hours of speech in French, no notes. erstwhile he realized that the translator was imprecisely translating his words into English, he thanked him and what he spoke in French he repeated in English. This was a serious substance due to the fact that it was dedicated to US president Thomas Woodr Wilson, who did not realize French.
The Polish statesman made a large impression on listeners, due to the fact that he spoke without any notes, and very honestly, logically with support of arguments. He presented Polish interests, emphasizing the importance of Poznański for the reborn Republic.
This was complemented by a superb speech, appreciated by Clemenceau himself, as well as well received by Woodrow Wilson, “Memorial on the territory of the Polish State” and “Note of the Polish Delegation at the Peace Conference on the Borders of the Western Polish State”. Moreover, erstwhile the Council of 10 wanted to send a note which would order the cessation of Polish-German fights, knowing that only the Wielkopolska insurgents would respond to the appeal, convinced them not to send it. He besides insisted that the Allies force the Germans to halt fighting. His words were heard and a truce took place in Trewira on 16 February.
The most serious confirmation of his diplomatic skills was the opinion of the participants of the Versailles Conference, who placed Mr. Roman among the most effective representatives of the states during the Paris meeting. He was even appreciated by the hostile Poland, UK Prime Minister George Lloyd: "At the peace conference, the Polish point of view was highlighted by an highly capable and educated Pole named Dmowski". Roman Dmowski was a well-read individual who learned about Poland and the planet perfectly. Closers mentioned that he could tell about all smallest region of Poland and argue its advantages for the state. As a result, no enemy on the global arena could surprise him, apply the argument unquestionable. Another powerful department in the diplomatic field was the incredible cognition of abroad languages, especially those global – French and English. Nestor of National Democracy utilized linguistic skills efficiently during a celebrated speech before the Council of 10 erstwhile he himself translated his own message from French to English, which prevented intentional or accidental mistakes.
Moreover, Roman Dmowski knew the planet perfectly well due to the fact that he made many trips, and according to his relationship, in Europe, he was not only in the Balkans. He emphasized in “The Thoughts of a Modern Pole” that our nation should learn about another nations to improve its own flaws. At the same time, he utilized it himself in global relations, knowing the cardinal laws of adversaries. For this reason, erstwhile the large War began, he went to the salons to fight for the Polish cause. First in Russia, however, erstwhile she started losing, he knew that only in the west would he find strong support for the national cause. He utilized previously acquired contacts, cognition of the world, languages, cultures, reading to advertise the interests of the Homeland among influential politicians, mainly in Britain. The strategy was rather simple – to drive and speak, that is to convince a large number of people, to conduct an active abroad policy. It was Mr Roman who created it, utilizing his organizational abilities acquired since the time of the Guardian, setting up the National Committee of Poland, as well as the Blue Army, that placed Poland in the winners' camp.
Unknown Religion
Many legends and myths grew around Roman Dmowski's spiritual background. This is simply a subject that raises many objections and controversy. In fact, all investigator says something different. Regardless of his private attitude towards religion, Dmowski, throughout his political activities, felt that Catholic religion is an integral and inseparable component of the Polish nation and so must be treated under peculiar care of the Polish state. He besides claimed that Catholicism is the 1 who upholds the morality of our civilization. It is very crucial that Mr Roman sees the request to embrace the Catholic religion of all national life, not just the private sphere, as it is now promoting in Poland. It notes the dependence of the moral condition of the community on spiritualization:
‘ ...Religion is besides a substance of household and nation. It is so not solely a substance of the individual’.
He saw what a man would become without God in his heart and worried about the minds of Poles who would grow up to be atheists:
‘All (i.e. unreligious ones) are marked by outstanding moral handicaps, consisting of the deficiency of all zeal, the ability to strong whirl into anything, to sacrifice anything of his selfishness, yet the deficiency of the ability to worship, which 1 wise author called the ultimate ability of man. They are dead bodies on the ground...”
The generation trained in the II Rzeczpospolita was raised in the Endek organizations or by their ideas dominated. Initiative of academic vows was born in the womb of the Warsaw Catholic National Youth organization, bringing together young people with all-Polish and national-radical views. A national camp without Roman Dmowski's will would not turn so powerfully to Catholic religion and the Church itself, even though the People's-National Union had already marked pious accents. It was in Mr. Roman's own organization – Camp of large Poland that the national symbiosis with the Catholic Church in Poland began. Everything was summed up, of course, by the OWP programme book "Church, Nation, State" from 1927. It should be noted that even half a century earlier, at the end of the 19th century, specified manifestation of Catholic academic youth would not be possible, as the generation of the time was seduced by materialistic atheistic ideologies.
Dr Tadeusz Bielecki wrote after years on emigration about Dmowski as an thought teacher:
‘Dmowski's political school, if it is so slow, is simply a hard and strict school, hates tacky, does not flatter, does not operate demagoguery, demands constant efforts, works on itself, on its character, enriching and deepening its thought, interior discipline, listening (who cannot perceive himself, he will never be able to command), dedication, sometimes self-denial, courage, religion in Poland.
Tough and harsh school, as hard and harsh are the times we experience.
However, only in this hard and harsh way can a full and lasting triumph of the national thought be achieved."
Allegations and false history
The most commonly raised charge against Roman Dmowski is alleged fascism or utmost nationalism, entering chauvinism. Let us start by defining the Polish national idea, whose main architect was Roman Dmowski, and then we will see the imposed demonic, inhuman views of my client took place. National Democracy was a nationalism based on culture, identity, national feeling, not as in the case of Germany, Italy or Ukraine on race or cultural purity. For this reason, anyone, regardless of the colour of the skin or religion, could belong to the Polish nation. It is actual that in the vast majority it was a strictly Catholic movement, but recognising another Christian religions or non-denominationals who respected Christ's morality as a pillar of Latin civilization. Roman Dmowski felt that erstwhile a hebrew did not act against Poland, he could not be regarded as an enemy, which is besides a consequence to another charge, that is, anti-Semitism.
In “The Thoughts of a Modern Pole”, he emphasized that he did not harbor hatred for any nation just due to belonging. A crucial reason was the harm to national interest, and Jews very frequently found themselves in the avant-garde of socialist or communist revolutions, which at the base had internationalism and division of the community into classes, as opposed to the nationalists who wanted to unite people surviving in the given area.
Roman Dmowski was a Catholic and although he had not practiced religion for most of his life, he took her teachings very seriously. which excludes the promotion of fascist, chauvinist or racist ideas that are being accused of. In addition, he promoted the cultivation of the benefits of Latin civilization, which is based on the Greek concept of truth, goodness and beauty, almost Roman standardizing many issues between fellow citizens on equal principles and Christian morality, which is based on the law of “Love your neighbour as yourself”.
In addition, he is accused of acting for the Russian Empire and of promoting an alliance, relationship with this country. Both cases are manipulation and the basis for the demagoguery of opponents. Roman Dmowski did not run for election and became an MP to the Russian Duma in the interests of Russia, but fought there for the rights of Poles and was able to criticize the Russians during parliamentary speeches. All these speeches are available in book publications and online. No 1 could foretell that the allies would antagonize themselves so rapidly and lead to the outbreak of the conflict, so my client first promoted the conflict for autonomy in the state body of the Empire, or return to a legal state akin to the Polish Kingdom from 1815 to 1831. He chose the tactical back-up of the reborn Motherland of the east occupier, as he knew about the systemic fight against Poland in the German Reich, which passed the law disinheriting Poles from property, limiting the activity of the Catholic Church, as well as the fundamental rights of the national minority. He besides knew the weakness of the 3rd occupier, who, in creating the multicultural Habsburg Monarchy in times of national states, was doomed to fall. As shortly as Russia began losing the large War, it went to Switzerland, France, the United Kingdom and the United States to proclaim Poland's interests and advance the thought of calling back the Polish state, with the government elected by the Polish Nation, with sovereignty and full independence. This only shows that erstwhile the situation was convenient for the intended action Roman Dmowski undertook a conflict for independency in the diplomatic field. Thanks to the creation of the Polish National Committee in 1917, which was recognized by the Allies as the Ministry of War and abroad Affairs and the creation of the Blue Army under Gen. Józef Haller, as a Polish army, our state was included in the group of winners and during the Versailles Conference they were a organization dictating the conditions. There Roman Dmowski, together with Ignacy Paderewski and a group of experts from the Polish delegation, led to access to the Baltic Sea, as well as the maintenance of Wielkopolska, which had previously been liberated by insurgents.
Moreover, accusations of disrespect for women from Dmowski are raised. I do not know why specified charges were made, since his very good friends were mostly women specified as Gabriel Balicka, Sofia Lutosławska, Marja Niklewiczowa or Izabella Wolikowska. In relationships he was very gallant and treated the ladies with respect. In addition, women loved him, as shown by pictures he frequently pose with them, and they have broad, sincere smiles. Moreover, in Wolikowska or Niklewiczowa's relations, 1 can read how as small girls were adored with reciprocity by Roman Dmowski. He was a dear uncle to them, a friend of the family. Not to mention the most crucial – respect and love he had for his own mother. He took care of her for the remainder of his life, and he considered counsel to be sacred.
In conclusion, I would like to mention the words written by Prof. Władysław Konopczyński, which best describe the antisystemism of Dmowski:
‘Dmowski from the beginningHe wrote uncensored things, raised individuals in the Student Watchtower, tens in the mature League, hundreds in the youthful Zeta, then only thousands in the open but pursued Party. fresh difficulties came before him when, as a leader of the nationalists of the full Russian occupation, he had to sustain the spirit in the country at erstwhile – and implement possible postulates in St. Petersburg, fighting against the imperial bureaucracy and with the Prussian intrigue. The full past “pows dancing”, galvanized by PPS militants, the full illness “on Moskal” and Galician deceptive temptations and Prussian provocative trumpets from Gravelotte deafened the pronunciation of his arguments, upset his instrument. The Prussian spirit helped, true, with its violentness, to cut off from the judaic suggestion.
The planet War has thundered... The first days of August 1914. I saw Dmowski sitting on a straw beam in the Szczecin “Vieh-Bahnhofie”, reasoning over Krzywousty, looking at the visions of the free, Baltic Poland... There's been a fresh struggle, the problem of the cancer, the problem of the king. Sapere ausus doubled and trotted his wisdom, his courage. Thanks to him, Poland did not give Wilhelm Bartków the Winners, it did not force Russia's warring in our interests to return to Germany. The boy of a stonemason from Prague, among the planet rulers, signed the act of liberation of Poland and another peoples in the Reflective Hall.
A position of history? Comparative? possibly with Ignacy Potocki, what led us to Berlin? possibly with the noble prince Adam, which will win the Vienna Ochlap?
Maybe Jagiełła, who had the Grunwald knighthood at his fingertips, and who was working in the treaty only for Lithuania Żmudź? With Kazimierz, Stefan or Władysław? No, as far as treaty success is concerned, no comparison here is enough. “Big”, or just “happy”?
Yeah, I'm certain it's large and happy. Dmowski's time after the signed room, erstwhile he told his friend-history about himself:
‘I have achieved my goal in ninety percent"
He spoke, true, another day of his gloomy hunches that he was inactive predicting a thorny war against Germany. Looking at his main combat front, he may have thought little about the storms of the east, alternatively than waking up to the passages which awaited him in the country – with his own. It was only essential to liberate Poland from the loops of physical and spiritual dependence from Jews, from masonry, from global capitalists – and Marxists, to truly sit down, like the host, on his land and to be able to choice his own government.
And the incredible things started, things that were besides hard to compose about... After the planet War, Mai of the state, who introduced his nation among the winners, won Pomerania, Wielkopolska and Silesia for them, won the dispute over Lviv, settled the Vilnius origin for Poland, liberated millions, millions of billions, was removed from the further state life of Rzplitej, His hasto loved – the Nation of Poland – erased from the constitution, to return to the electoral afhice after years – the owners. His last creation – Camp of large Poland – dissolved. His symbol – the sword of Chrobry – was torn from the breasts of the militants, as anti-state. His friends – insulted, His word – confiscated. His name is immaculate in school textbooks...
Mr. Roman, where only he arrived, was immediately superior to another cognition of Polish affairs in all 3 occupations, large political cognition of contemporary, unparalleled memory, quality of thought and convincing simplicity with which he expressed them. He was a figure from which the power of will and mind, decision and strong love of the nation from the beginnings of the hubs, through times present in the farthest future. But he did not go first, he did not cover others. He didn't compete. Finally, after Dmowski's death in 1939, Władysław Jabłońowski wrote in his book “Over the Years. Memories of Roman Dmowski 1890-1939”:
‘He did not desire any award due to the fact that for him it was what he expressed in this way: “God has given me the happiness that I see another Poland, that I will die in a different place than the 1 trampled down, disgraced and oppressed, with fear of the future looking into which I was born.”
However, erstwhile we talk about the award as human gratitude, it was an unparalleled, common movement of hearts from all over Poland, by its death caused. Roman Dmowski's coffin, like the most beautiful flowers, was covered with wonderful titles and praises; all right and deserved. It is true, but He is the character whose uniqueness can best be expressed by words engraved on the tomb of a large politician – the thinker Rzplitej Florencka [Riccolò Machiavelli] in the church of Santa Croce:
‘Tanto Nomini nulium par elogium”, (no praise is appropriate for specified a wonderful name)’.
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