The name of this neurosurgeon became known to the planet after 1 terrifying experiment. In March 1970, Robert White, along with a group of scientists, performed an operation to transplant the makaka-recus head to another individual's body. Everything went well, but...
.Everything went well: blood supply to the brain was ensured, the individual could see, hear, smell, taste, and even effort to bite 1 of the doctors. However, the animal could not control the fresh body due to a deficiency of communication between the brain and the spinal cord and died a fewer days later.
The protagonist of the novel, which by organ transplantation created hybrid animals, would be delighted with specified experiments. But the public was terrified of White’s actions. Animal rights defenders gave the surgeon the nickname Dr. Butcher, like a supervillain from a comic book. White was so inspired by the success of his operation that no criticism could halt him: he wanted to transplant the human head – first on corpses and then on the living. A first volunteer, the paralyzed Craig Wetovitz, was besides found.
The retrograde reaction was predictable: specified a horror should simply not have happened to man, even if he full agreed to it. Society has rushed the verdict: a doctor has no right to change anything in the human brain, due to the fact that there is simply a soul.
Being a zealous Catholic, White himself believed that personality and soul are connected to a grey being, so he proposed transplanting not brains but full heads. Neurosurgeon dreamed of being able to aid people find a new, healthy body if the old had serious, insoluble problems specified as paralysis or muscle atrophy.
Unfortunately, his plans were never realized. Only in 2017, 7 years after White's death, Italian surgeon Sergio Canavero successfully transplanted his head from 1 dead body to another, restoring the spine and blood vessels. But the experimentation with a surviving individual has not been conducted until today.
Sometimes, to win in science, 1 must not only be a genius, but besides have no inhibitions. American Neurosurgeon Phil Kennedy He risked his life for a dream of cybernetic human enhancement. Literally.
In the late 1990s, he created the first cyborg – a individual with an electronic implant in his brain – starting with a cyberpunk fantasy by William Gibson. In Collection ‘Neuromancer’ ( Neuromancer – a 1984 fresh by William Gibson, considered a cyberpunk classic. It forms the first part of the alleged ‘Trouble Trilogy’, with the following volumes being ‘Graf Zero’ and ‘Mona Liza Turbo’- PZThere's a communicative about a courier named Johnny who implanted a chip in his brain and utilized his memory as a means of storing data. Kennedy then implanted electrodes into the brain of a paralyzed patient after a stroke, allowing him to transmit signals to the computer utilizing the power of thought – to control the mouse cursor and re-write the words slowly. communicate with the outside world. It was the highest of Kennedy’s career. He was surrounded by sound and fame. He was promised a wonderful future from all sides.
But then luck turned on the scientist. 3 more experiments on humans failed (mainly due to the fact that terminally sick patients had to be recruited) and Kennedy's approval to usage implants was revoked. At least until it proves that they're safe by fresh standards. He had no money for it.
But No 1 could halt the inventor from experimenting on himself. In 2014, he went to Belize, Latin America, where he paid local neurosurgeon Joel Cervantes for beginning his skull and attaching electrodes to his brain. After surgery, Kennedy lost his ability to talk. “I'm sorry” was the only word he succeeded in repeating over and over again, seemingly apologizing to Cervantes for dragging him into this disastrous case.
But shortly postoperative brain swelling subsided, Kennedy regained his ability to speak, and a restless progressive again undertook his task. After a fewer months of waiting, during which the electrodes grew fresh neurons, the scientist with the same Cervantes besides sewed an electrical coil with a radio transmitter under his scalp.
Returning home, Kennedy experimented on himself for almost 2 months. He spoke simple phrases and recorded electrical signals from the brain, dreaming of them being decoded and creating a " neuron alphabet". In the future this would enable people to communicate with the power of thought (obviously after implantation). Unfortunately, after 7 weeks, the test had to be stopped and the transmitter and coil removed – the skin on the bulky electronics did not want to heal.
And although Kennedy was incapable to complete what he had begun, he collected valuable data and accelerated the creation of a neural interface that would enable human consciousness to be connected to the computer. In an interview with Wired magazine Phil Kennedy described his imagination for a better tomorrow:
“The brains [people of the future] will be infinitely more powerful than our present brains. We'll separate the brains and connect them to tiny computers that will do anything for us and the brains will inactive be alive. This is how we evolve.”
There's actually nothing fresh about this information. Representatives of the older generation grew up reading Alexander Bielayev's fresh about the misfortunes of prof. Dowell's head.
Nevertheless, the subject of human brain control, whether through head transplant or through chipping, lives and flourishes.
A fresh documentary was created in this context "The Chip Inside Me". It promotes transhumanism in its most attractive form ( *)
The movie tells stories of real people suffering from deafness, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and another diseases that implant a chip into the brain, thanks to which their life changes for the better.
Through the chip in your head – to happiness!
SOURCE:
https://stalingrad.life/news/
(PL)
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Video Appendix:
(*) https://ya.ru/video/preview/8146971667076224813 ‘The Chip Inside Me’
