POLAND’S INLAND STATE
WALKING WITH GESTAPO judaic AGENTS
The German troops entered Krakow on 6 September 1939 and began the German business of the city, which lasted until 18 January 1945. Until the establishment of the General Government for occupied Polish areas (GG) on 26 October 1939, Kraków and its inhabitants were subject to the rigors of the martial law and the administration introduced by the occupying military authorities.
Upon his arrival in Krakow, Hans Frank and his appointment as General Governor, Krakow began to service as a capital city in the General Gubernian and the office of military and civilian authorities. Frank was to make occupied Polish lands a state that had to be ruthlessly exploited, making it an economic, social, cultural and political ruin.
According to Adolf Hitler's instructions, the GG was to become primarily a reserve of inexpensive labor. The objectives of the 3rd Reich were pursued in occupied areas, and Frank and his administration especially in Krakow sought to make it worthy of the name "Uhr, deutsche Stadt Krakau".
In defence of national imponderabili, the crackers fought in all possible ways and utilizing various forms. Germans and their orders were so combated utilizing passive opposition within the existing organizations with the approval of the German authorities, taking an active fight in conspiracy structures created by the Polish Underground and based on spontaneous patriotic behaviours of the crackers which cannot be included in any organizational framework. The Krakowians, members of the structures of the Polish Underground State, as well as non-attached ones, performed various self-defense acts, or sabotages aimed at the occupier.
For example: it was cast with grenades inside of the Kraków café Gypsyria at Szpitalna Street ( "nur für Deutsche" ) and as a consequence died according to various estimates from 7 to 10 German officers (in the same action the participants placed Polish flags on bridges and laid flowers under the monument of Mickiewicz in the Kraków marketplace square.
The action of the Polish Underground on Kopernik Street in Krakow is unknown, where a Gestapo car was fired on, resulting in the death of respective Gestapo, but unfortunately 3 bombers were injured, 2 of them were captured and shot on the spot, 1 of them escaped, known to me by Kazimierz Dziadzic, boy of the heroic household Dziadzków residing at Zyblikiewicza Street 5 (PKO building) stairway 4 in Krakow. The Grandparents were known to shelter Jews. They are a household of heroic Poles.
Józef Dziadziczów with his sister Genowefa and daughter Lusia were taken to the German extermination camp in Oświęcim, but they survived the war and returned to Krakow Zamachowiec from Kopernika Kazimierz Dziadzic Street, the boy of Mrs Józefa Dziadzic was stored and treated in the attic of Zyblikiewicz 5 Street in Krakow by my late Mother. After the war, Kazimierz Dziadzic was sentenced by the passive court to 5 years in prison for illegal possession of weapons and membership of the AK. From 1939 to 1944, the commandant of the grenade police was Major Franciszek Marian Erchardt, a pre-war officer of the Lviv “two” (Polish counterintelligence).
Francis Marian Erchardt held a high-ranking post in the AK. He lived at 2 St. Gertrude Street in Krakow, collaborated in Adam Korpak and his parent Helena Korpakowa. In this flat they gave temporary shelter to Jews, most frequently escaped from Lviv, Przemysl and Kraków ghetto, and collaborated with “Żegota” (Council of Aid to Jews).
I watched my mother's false kennkarts (German IDs) as well as the authentic baptism rates of the rome. – cat. issued by heroic Polish priests from Krakow and Lviv “matched” with false identity cards. The complete documentation for the hidden Jews on the “Aryan papers” was issued by “Żegota”, with the efforts of the mentioned Major Franciszek Marian Erchardt, Adam Korpak, Helena Korpaków and the escaped hero hebrew Prof. Julian Aleksandrowicz – “Dra Hardy”.
Prof. Julian Aleksandrowicz (Dr. "Twardy") graduated from the Jagiellonian University Medical Faculty in 1933. During planet War II he fought in the September campaign. He was imprisoned in the Kraków Ghetto for 3 years, from which he escaped and became an active associate of the Home Army, later awarded the Order of Virtuti Militari and another medals.
Kraków, occupied by the Germans, was published in the diary “Goniec Krakowski”. At the beginning of 1943, a poem was published on the last page of this newspaper, the first letters of which each verse formed the slogan: “Police Sikorski works”.
The author of the work, or the names of heroic printers from the Krakow building at Wielopole Street, is unknown, but I know that the author of this print was the commander of the Polish police major Franciszek Marian Erchardt.
The number of this paper is undoubtedly found in the archive of the Krakow "Biary of Poland" or in the archive of the Jagiellonian Library.
The main form of the fight against the German occupier undertaken by the Krakow society was the action led by the Polish independency Underground. From the first days after the German troops entered and the occupier's administration began to emerge, conspiracy organizations began to be formed to combat “new orders” introduced by the aggressors.
W The fight was carried out by all available methods: from sabotage, boycott, through propaganda, to armed combat. Kraków – before the war the centre of Polish culture and science, the office of the Corps territory Command – had both military traditions and intellectual facilities capable of taking on the burden of creating, conducting and managing underground structures reborn on emigration and underground of the Polish state. Conspiring military organizations were thus created in Krakow: formed on the basis of pre-war political parties and remaining outside these organization structures. Parties based on their “military” alongside the armed conflict with the occupier besides wanted to prosecute party-political goals in the underground.
By the end of December 1939, the Polish Combat Organization (POB), the Polish Secret Army (TAP), the Union, the Armed Action Union (ZCZ), the Military Organization of Krakow (WOK), the “Racławice”. They all joined the structures of the ZWZ straight or in stages, as did the POB, which first became part of the Military Freedom Organization ‘Znak’, to yet comply with the AK in January 1943. The motto for the start of the “subordination” of the conspiracy in Krakow was the guidelines of Gen. M. Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski and the mission of Major Felix Ankerstein “Olgird” (b. the head of the peculiar Branch Division of the Second Main Staff of the Polish Academy of Sciences) arrived in Krakow on 7 November 1939. It has brought general guidelines for diversions in the country, which have become the basis for the process of harmonising conspiracy organisations and coordinating actions against the occupier. However, many military conspiracy organizations were beyond this process, more or little by choice, creating further underground structures. Established in December 1940, the Polish Defence Command established an inspectorate covering the GG area with 4 districts (Krakowski, Kielce, Lublin and Warsaw).
However, she failed to make a wider activity. On the another hand, the Military Nadwiślańska Group, founded in May 1940 by Tadeusz Fedorowicz “Ran” and Jan Kubin, was organized in February 1941, while maintaining full autonomy. In 1942, this formation became the Armed Emergency Service of the Nation (ZPN). The commandant of the Kraków ZPN territory after the Incarnation of the Military Nadwiślańska Group (WGW) was Jan Kubin ‘Jasio’, (the d.o.c. of the Military Nadwiślańska Group), while the commandant of the city of Krakow, on behalf of the ZPN, became Captain ‘Orlik’.
KAZIMIERZ HROMIAK LESMIER’
Kazimierz Hromiak ps. “Leśnik” “War and postwar memories of soldiers of Kedywu and Partisan Baon “Skała”, Tom II, Wyd. Skała, 1993:
‘... I joined the conspiracy after escaping from captivity, from the russian territories, in March 1940. April 21, 1940. in the basement of the church of the Capuchins in Krakow, I took an oath before the then WWZ diversion officer of the Podkrąg Kraków district, cf. Czesław Skrobecki ps. “Czesław”, “Mars”, adopting the nickname “Leśnik”. Under the orders of “Czesław” I acted until I joined the recently formed guerrilla branch “Grom”, that is until December 1943.
Because this year marks the 50th anniversary of the assassination of the “Ziemiańska” cafe - the nest of Polish-Jewish confidents - which I made with my colleague Zdzisław Meres - “Orlik”, so I decided, in memory of the descendants, to present its course more accurately:
...In October 1943 I was called to “Czesław” for a gathering that took place under a viaduct at Grzegórzecka Street. I remember the details of the conversation at the time, which I remembered due to the form in which the commander addressed me. This was not an order or an order, to which I was accustomed, but a loose conversation about the behaviour of Poles towards the occupier. “Czesław” has just told me the fact about Polish seizures operating in Kraków. I must admit that I was not very focused on the individual and wider activity of traitors due to my activity in the western part of Krakow, while they were primarily active in the Śródmieście. After proceeding detailed data about the quantity and activity of the confiscators, I asked if there was a way to finish them. The answer was clear that “Kedyw” is planning specified an action, and that he wants to entrust me with organizing and commanding it.
.. Naturally, I, who did not know the environment, was instructed to conduct an interview and penetrate the places of their encounters, which was the “Zebieńska” cafe on Mikołajska Street (today’s “Telimena”,now restaurant – 2013 – author).
At 14 Sławkowska Street, there was a conspiratorial place with Mr Kudelski.
I besides remember that before saying goodbye, “Czech” he described to me the silhouettes of any of the perpetrators, who were Poles and Jews.
The most dangerous was the hebrew Diamand, and then the Karolewski brothers, Klusek, Żabiński, Argentinean and many others.
A flash and a powerful bang spread in dead silence. Above me were the shrapnels whistled, but I remember the salvific joy that took me to the task...”
Documents, sources, quotations:
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“Gestapists” Józef Bratko
