POLICE OF MURDERERS IN THE judaic PAULINOS
POLICE OF MURDERERS IN THE judaic PAULINOS
On the night of 23/24 February 1943, in the tiny village of Paulin in the municipality of Sterdyn, in western Podlasie, 12 inhabitants of this municipality were brutally murdered by the Germans for helping Jews, refugees from the Sterdyn ghetto. This completely unknown communicative is an example of the attitude of many Poles towards Jews persecuted by German occupiers during planet War II.
The Medal of Righteous Among the planet Nations (transscription from Hebrew: Chasid Umot ha-Olam, חסיד אומות העולם) is the highest Israeli civilian discrimination given to non-Jews, awarded by the Institute of Martyrs and Heroes of the Holocaust of Yours in Jerusalem, and has been honoured by 24,356 people, including most Poles 6.339, as of January 1, 2012. In second place Dutch 5.214 people and French 3.513 people. 510 Germans received this award, 179 Russians, 22 Danes and 1 Turk.
The past of murdered Poles in the village of Pauline is simply a testimony, as many Poles in the name of Christian love, with the hazard of their own lives and families helped the Jews survive. Only in occupied Poland Poles and their families were threatened with the death punishment for hiding Jews.
In September 1942, Germany began the liquidation of the judaic ghetto in Sterdyna. About 1,000 Jews were executed there and the remainder were transported to Treblinka extermination camp. any escaped. The shelter was found in close towns, including Paulinów and surrounding forests. The attitude of Western Podlasie residents shows a completely different image of Poles' attitude towards the extermination of Jews than created by historians of American judaic origin, as well as by the judaic Historical Institute.
Jews received food and accommodation from Poles. In the woods behind Paulinov they made a bunker where they stayed during the day. They were staying at the unchangeable by the court. They were allowed in by unchangeable Francis Kierylak. However, they were not constantly in 1 place. They asked for aid from various hosts, which they usually received – says Antoni Kotowski, grandson of Józef and Ewa Kotowski, who died together with their boy Stanislaw in 1943 for helping Jews. The father told – Antoni Kotowski continued, that all those helping Jews were aware of the death punishment threatening them; The Jews were filthy, neglected, thin, in any clothes. They asked for food, shaking from the cold; so people helped – says Antoni Kosowski, who knows this communicative primarily from his father and aunt's stories, a miracle of the survivors of the German raid in 1943.
JEWISH DREAM
For this aid the Germans decided to punish local Poles. To this end, they utilized provokers – Jews. The full action was very precisely prepared, and the Germans had accurate information about people helping refugees from the Sterdonian ghetto. Wacław Piekarski, in his book “Oblast of the Home Army of Sokołów Podlaski “Sęp”, “Proso” 1939 – 1944, reported that 2 Jews working with Germany joined the hiding and together with them they went to Polish homesteads, gathering information with them and giving it to Germans. 1 of the Jews came from Warsaw, the another named Szymel was a resident of Sterdyna.
Janina Stalewski, daughter of Stanisław Piwka, murdered by the Germans, remembered the promoter. Her account can be found at the “Museum of Combat and Martyrdom” website:
"I was a small girl then. erstwhile the Jews came, my father was eating breakfast. Among them was an agent. They asked for bread. grandma warned Dad not to give them bread due to the fact that the Germans said who would put a bullet in his head. But the father replied, “Children must be given bread!” And he gave the full bread, saying, Take it and go distant from here!...and he died for this part of bread. The judaic provoker persuaded the another to come back and ask for bread himself. Then his grandma gave him bread, but she told him not to bring any more strangers, due to the fact that they are not known who they are," Antoni Kotowski says. According to Antoni Kotowski's account, the 3rd “escape” came, and immediately afterwards the Germans began to observe the surrounding villages. shortly thereafter, Mr.Antoni's father was eyewitnessed to who the “hiding one” was. – As my father passed through the Paulins he saw this 3rd Jew... coming along with German soldiers. The squad was heading to the distillery. erstwhile they leveled with their father, they divided aside and let their father go in the middle. Among the passing soldiers he met this 3rd but already in German uniform – says Mr Antoni. Shortly after, according to the materials of the Museum of Combat and Martyrdom in Treblinka, the judaic provocator returned to Paulinov to tell the Germans from whom he besides experienced help.
CLAIMS
At night from 23 to 24 February 1943, the village was surrounded by Germans. To capture the fugitives and punish those who helped them, the occupiers organized a manhunt. They engaged about 2,000 soldiers and German policemen in it - they arrived from Ostrów Mazowiecki in 60 cars.
Still surviving residents remembered that soldiers were standing in a dense cordon, just a fewer steps distant from each other. With the aid of judaic provokers, people who helped the Jews were invented and killed, where they would fall: on the threshold of their homes, on the stairs, in the courtyards and in the woods.
The first Pole to die was the unchangeable Francis Kierylak. He lost his life due to the fact that he allowed the Jews to sleep in a unchangeable located in court buildings.
The past of the Kotowski household is very moving. “It was terrible,” says Antoni Kotowski, who knows the course of events from his father, Czesław Kotowski, who is already dead. A man miraculously avoided death due to the fact that he was warned by a neighbour of danger. Although German soldiers spotted him as he entered Paulinov, to which the occupiers had entered a minute earlier and immediately started shooting, he managed to escape to the neighboring village, though the bullets were already wheezing over his head.
But his parents and his brother were no longer so happy. The Germans unexpectedly entered the home of Joseph and Eve Kotowski. - Grandpa sat at the table. The German soldier immediately shot him. Grandpa fell but tried to get up. However, the German pressed him with a shoe to the level and struck him with a second shot - says Mr. Antoni with pain in the voice. My grandmother, Eve Kotowska, was murdered on the doorstep of the house. All this happened in front of a 6-year-old daughter, Stanislawa... A frightened girl kneeled before the painting and began to pray. However, it did not impress the torturer. He pointed a weapon at the baby in cold blood. possibly it's the sight of a girl kneeling down that awakens people's feelings in the another German. He conquered the camrata firearm and the bullet hit the floor. - It saved my aunt.
The torturers, however, reached 25-year-old Stanisław Kotowski, the uncle of Mr Antoni: he was arrested with 10 another local residents and shot in the woods behind Paulinov. - They buried them there, too. Only after the war the bodies were moved to the cemetery in Sterdyna - says with sadness Antoni Kotowski.
Thus, the Kotowski household paid as many as 3 people and orphaned children for the bread given to judaic refugees.
Stanislaw Piwka, Zygmunt Drgas, Marian Nowicki, Louis Uzębła, Aleksandra Wiktorzak, Jan Siwiński and his son-in-law Francis Augustiniak were besides shot for akin "accidents" in the close forest and close distillery.
Despite the sacrifice, the Kotowski household did not receive even thanks for helping the Jews who had paid so dearly. Their sacrifice, in addition to references to the materials of the Treblinka Museum of Combat and Martyrdom, is mentioned only by a modest plaque in a chapel commemorating all the victims of the capture in Paulinów in 1943, as well as the demolition of the monument at the local cemetery in Sterdyna.
The tragedy was besides immortalized by the folk poet Lucyna Maksimiak. In a poem titled "Rapsod the Deceased," she wrote:
The Lord Jesus taught us,
How to proceed,
Give a thirsty cup of water,
A hungry part of bread,
To the home of travelers,
Cold to keep them warm.
For your goodness, your faithfulness to God,
That's what they smashed you for.
Whom do I remember?
The Kotowski household is outraged to receive information about the latest book by Jan Tomasz Gross "Golden Harvest". It hurts that the victim of their household and many another honest residents of Paulinov and the surrounding area has not been appreciated. Families whose loved ones gave their lives for helping Jews did not thank their countrymen or authorities in Poland.
Nor did they receive support erstwhile they needed it most - orphaned children, sometimes inactive underage, had to deal with themselves, in hard postwar times. After killing his parents 23-year-old Czesław Kotowski then took care of 6-year-old sister Stanisława and 8-year-old brother Kazimierz. In addition, he had to cope with holding.
All the more reason for the Kotowski household to present Poles as robbing judaic remains now. Why, today, almost 70 years after those events, any publishing houses and any media have been more eager to publicize accusations of an incompetent author? - Here are the rules of show business, so you gotta act offensively, insult someone, shake the viewer, "pull something into the air" to exist, etc. Hence specified a Sharlatan activity as Jan Tomasz Gross - says the political scientist and historian Dr. Piotr Gontarczyk. The author of many valued technological publications indicates that Gross does not adhere to any rules of technological craftsmanship and technological integrity. "He cuts out full passages of cited papers from the context and adjusts them to his own, and skips others that disagree with his opinions. He besides completely ignores the work of historians who are uncomfortable for him, and quotes those who are ridiculous, frequently eager to repeat false statements for them, due to the fact that they are convenient for him - he points out.
According to Prof. Marek Jan Chodakiewicz, author of the book 'Poles and Jews, 1918-1955:' Coexistence, Doomsday, Communism', the popularity of Gross's books stems from the fact that they harmonize with the dominant cultural paradigm. This means that Gross gives a "scientific" cover of widely functioning opinions about Poland and Poles in the West. It shoots perfectly into existing stereotypes. Gross can trust on an efficient marketing device of people like him thinking. They are in post-PRL very wealthy and influential. The book hasn't come out yet, and this device has already started an advertising campaign. The conservative, traditionalist and right-wing side in Poland usually only responds to specified attacks, and it is completely incapable to inform them. For this, you request to conduct your own investigation and impose your explanation discourse.
- Polish-Jewish matters are slow coming out of the folds at the Institute of National Memory, but there is no strategical approach to the subject at the minute - says Prof. Chodakiewicz.
FENOMEN IN EUROPE
Professor Jan Żaryn, historian, lecturer at the University of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński and erstwhile manager of the Public Education Office of the IPN, participates in the Committee's work for commemoration of Poles Saving Jews. - many reports and certificates were received at the Committee's appeal, from incomplete analysis of the collected material, it appears that there were at least respective 1000 cases of Poles providing assistance to Jews - he points out. "This aid was carried out even though it was threatened by real repression. On the basis of the documentation collected by the Committee, it can be established that about 70 people providing assistance were subject to various penalties - added Prof. Żaryn. On the scale of the full Poland, estimates talk of respective hundred, even about 1,000 Poles who were punished by Germans for saving Jews.
Prof. Richard C. Lukas "Forgotten Holocaust" Appendix B page 410 – 438 states:
They died for not helping.
[...] here are the exceptions from the study prepared by the Main Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against the Polish Nation, which papers cases of 704 Poles sentenced to death for helping Jews during planet War II. The list does not cover cases of alleged pacification by the Germans of Polish villages for providing assistance to Jews. By no means is this list complete. It only gives a example of the efforts of the Polish state institution to save specified accidents for posterity. Estimates of the full number of Poles who died for helping Jews may vary from 2 to 50 1000 people [...].
It is Poles who aid Jews with the hazard of life that should be remembered. The danger was indeed enormous, due to the fact that the Germans went - as in Paulinów - even to provoke to catch helping Jews. It is not uncommon for the provokers and spies to be... Jews, too. 1 specified spy spent all Poles helping him.
Therefore - as Dr. Piotr Gontarczyk points out - 1 can only talk about different attitudes of people and effort to scientifically find the right proportions. - but that's not the kind of thing Gross is curious in at all - he concludes.
It is impossible to analyse the Polish-Jewish relations during the war without stressing that Germany has not introduced specified harsh repressions for helping Jews as in Poland. This concludes that in another European countries there was no "problem" in the ineffectiveness of the law prohibiting this aid. - There have been cases where many people of this nationality have been saved, e.g. in Denmark, but this took place as part of a two-day "operation" - noted Prof. Żaryn. The aid to Jews was besides carried by another nations - e.g. Dutch people, but not under the threat of death punishment or even property confiscation. This is so not comparable to the situation of Poles under occupation, surviving in constant fear due to hiding people of judaic origin.
The Germans began to exacerbate penalties for Poles helping Jews due to their mediocre effectiveness. - In 1942-1943, in the worst period of the Holocaust, Germans in occupied Poland changed the law to increasingly restrictive ones. Initially, only those who straight helped Jews were subject to the death penalty, but later the death punishment or the export to the concentration camp threatened even those who did not uncover that they knew about individual who kept the Jews - prof. Żaryn explained.
Sentenced to the Salon
The hopes of Jan Tomasz Gross to change cultural paradigm in historiography in Poland are improbable to come true. According to prof. Chodakiewicz, on the mass level he is doomed to defeat, but his weapon is that he is doing well in the left-liberal "salon". After the terrible methodological and substantive holes in 'Neighbours', 'Fear' or 'Golden Harvest' were discovered, the calf's admiration for this sociologist disappeared. However, further in the "Gazeta Wyborcza" environment, it is simply a good speech to praise him and exposure his books in bookstores. In the U.S., Gross isn't selling great, but enough. Here, his books confirm the long-standing negative stereotypes of Poles and Poland. But it is no longer J.T. Gross' fault: he only drinks cream from the cooked food of anti-Polish prejudices for at least half a century - says Prof. Chodakiewicz.
"To be or not to be" Gross depends on Polish historians and politicians - if the second do not powerfully argue Gross's writings, it will discourage many scientists to boldly research the Polish-Jewish relations area. In the United States, my colleagues personally congratulated me on my work. But only privately. No 1 actually stood up for me erstwhile neo-stalinists, as prof. John Radziłowski called them in the last "Glaucopist", attacked me for my work "The Massaccre in Jedwabne", which notabene promised to print in Polish Janusz Kurtyka a fewer years ago. I besides mention this to item the importance of anticipation - he adds.
Only the decisive actions of the Polish authorities, and especially those liable for the historical policy of employees of the Institute of National Memory and the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, can prevent the black legend of evil Poles, co-responsible for the Holocaust, in the consciousness of Western societies.
The text appeared in the “WARSZAWSKI GAZETA” on 18 January 2013.
Documentation, sources, quotations:
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