The adopted paradigms specified as the 1 on the late arrival of the Slavs from the east, or the illiterateness of this people up to the time of Cyril and Methodius, have proved to be incorrect and unusual to take as many historians inactive stand by them.
Without a doubt, Mauro Orbini’s work was to consolidate Slavic consciousness and to strengthen pride in her heritage, especially among confederate Slavs (1).
This Dalmatian Benedictine and historian from the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, utilizing church archives, described the past of the Slavs, giving many facts overlooked in the works of another authors from this period.
In His Slavic Kingdom (Origin.Il regno de gli Slavi, hoggi correttamento detti schiavoni) of 1601. it provides direct quotes and references to content from about 330 studies, including most of the fewer known or presently missing. To a large degree he refers to the work of Vinko Pribojevic (2)but besides refers to Aventinus or Albert Krantz.
In this study, I briefly discuss his work, drawing attention to references to earlier authors and his alternatively debatable thesis, which spends their sleep with our and Western historians due to the fact that many of them question the Philogermanic version of history. This is besides the reason for ignoring this author in technological trials on the past of Slavs, and his views are ignored in academic discussions.
In my opinion, this is simply a large mistake and an evident serilism of science, especially history, which is inactive the most susceptible to manipulation or deception. Therefore, we must look closely at all sources and works, including the work of Orbini, with appropriate criticism, but besides without pre-defined assumptions imposing on us what is fact and what is not. Adopted paradigms specified as the 1 on the late arrival of the Slavs from the east (allochtonism) or the illiterateness of this people until the days of Cyril and Methodius, proved to be incorrect and unusual to take as many historians inactive stand by them. Admitting mistakes may hurt, but it is more honest than defending false theories for the cost of saving your technological career. Many independent researchers do not deal with science, in the conventional sense, but know, so the only presumption in their investigation is freedom of work, rejecting questionable paradigms and ignoring the pressures of the technological community. If individual considers specified an approach to be "unscientific", it is his business. cognition and discipline do not always go hand in hand. In this case, if a reminder of Orbini's work helps anyone in his investigation work, then it is worth making specified efforts. In my opinion, the monopoly on the cognition that academic historians are trying to claim is simply a way to nowhere, so sometimes 1 should go against it. The search for fact should be an overriding goal, and believing that lying does not last forever gives motivation to act. That's what Mauro Orbini was doing.
Keywords: Orbini, Pribojevic, Slavs, Slavs, Greeds, Wends, Markomans, Wandals, Slavonics, Slavics, Slavic Kingdom, Glagolica, Cyrillics.
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(1) M. Orbini, Il Regno de gli Slaui hoggi corrottamente detti Schiauoni. past of di don Mauro Orbini rauseo abbate melitense. Nella quale si vede l’origine quasi di tutti i popoli che furono della lingua slaua, con molte, & varie guerre, che fecero in Europe, Asia, & Africa. Pesaro 1601. Accessed: 18.09.2022 (Google Books).
(2) V. Pribojevic, Oratio de origine sucessionibusque Slavorum, 1532.
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Pribojevic inspiration
One of the main sources of Orbini's improvement is the work of Vinko Pribojevic Oratio de origin sucessionibusque Slavorum (The Origin and Glory of Sławan) of 1532. This position, overlooked by our historians, as well as the edition of Orbini, contains the past of many different ancient peoples specified as the Thracians, Macedonians, Goths, Wandals, Sarmacs, Gepids, and Illirs, the author of which considers Sławan. It besides proves Macedonian fame, showing that their language is different from Greek.
This Croatian author is considered the creator of the alleged Balkan hypothesis of the Slavic ethnogenesis, as well as the first typical of panslawism, as he emphasized the existence of a community
all-Slovenian, covering both confederate and Western Slavs and Eastern. He is simply a supporter of Sławan's cultural continuity explanation in the region, which links
with the Illir heritage. The designation of this ancient people as a praslavian believed the chronicle of the Slavic battles with Alexander Macedonian and their later wars with Rome, which our Kadłubek mentioned, among others. Under the influence of the aggressive expansion of the Romans into Slavic lands, any of the Illirs (Pslavians) in fresh centuries before our Common Era decided to emigrate north, as is the case with the celebrated legend of the 3 brothers. They were to establish the kingdoms of the Lechites, the Czechs and the Russians, but after the fall of Rome any Slavic tribes returned to their Matrix in the Balkans.
John Rastell, an English Jesuit, wrote in 1566 that there are respective countries that usage the Illirian language (Ilyrica), specified as: Moscowian, Poles, Slovenians, Czechs (reg. Moscouites, Polonians, Sclauons, Bohemians), etc. But although the kind of speech has one, and the differences of dialects are small, they do not realize each another very well. (3). This is simply a good point, due to the fact that it happened many times to me that erstwhile I wanted to talk to the Czechs, for example, in Polish or “a Slavic broken”, many of them, especially younger ones, did not want to exert themselves and preferred to usage the present lingua franca, or English. However, what is more crucial in the information provided by Rastella is the fact that the languages: Russian, Polish, Czech and Slovenian he considers to be Illirian, which may further confirm Pribojevica's thesis about the Slavicness of the Illirs or, as anyone prefers, the Illirianity of the Slavs.
Orbini in his book gives the information that St.Hieronim in the 4th century invented a Glagolite (called Sanctum Hieronymum Illricarum, or Ilyrica St. Hieronim), and Cyrillic – St. Cyrillic, which was a common court in the 16th to 16th centuries. It was only 2 centuries ago that it began to be said that Cyril and Methods developed both of these alphabets, although it is not explained why they would do so. This is doubtful and illogical, for, first, teaching supposedly illiterate 1 alphabet would be rather challenging, so creating as many as 2 different scripts seems completely pointless. Secondly, while Cyrillic is rather simple and based mainly on the Greek alphabet, the Glagolica with 33 characters and digital equivalents seems very complicated as for laymen and illiterates, as expected to be the Slavs in the 9th century during the Cyril and Methodic missions. Tadeusz Mroziński presently deals with this subject. In my opinion, however, St. Jerome did not invent anything but compose down the Illyrian alphabet (Glagolithic) which she utilized to use
Slavic population in the South. But this is the subject of a broader and separate study.
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(3) J. Rastell, A Treatise Intitled, Beware of M. Iewel, Antwerp 1566; R. Van Rooy, J. Considine: Between Homonym and Polysmy: The Origins and Career of the English Form dialect in the Sixteenth Century, [in:] England 2016; 134(4):639–667.
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Interestingly, Pribojevic left for Poland before 1525, where he stayed for 3 years, most likely in the Dominican monastery in Cracow. During his stay in Poland, he had the chance to learn about Polish historiography, which he utilized in his work, where he refers to the Treaty on 2 Sarmations of Maciej Miechowita (Tractatus de duobus Sarmatiis) and Annales Polonorum (probably the Yearbooks of Jan Długosz) (4). His work besides shows that he must have known the works of Kadłubek and Kronika Hungarian-Polish and most likely another positions of our deiographers.
Pribojevic's book was published in Italian in 1595, and the Church immediately after its appearance ordered all copies to be burned. It is said that only 1 of them was preserved, to which Orbini had reached, and he decided to spread it in preparation for his work on the same subject(5).
Someone might call Orbini's work plagiarism, as he repeats many of the facts mentioned earlier by Pribojevic, although he does not know why he did not list his work in a comprehensive set of sources. However, the author besides addressed many another papers and papers in writing his work, making his work seem even richer and fuller than Pribojévic's edition. Orbini had access to a library from the Italian Urbino(6), which in its prime years only somewhat gave way to the Vatican Library. It included over 600 Latin, 160 Greek, and 80 judaic titles, collected in the late 15th century by Prince Federigo dei Montefeltro.
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(4) D. Madunić, Vinko Pribojević and the Glory of the Slavs, Budapest 2003.
(5) http://www.macedoniantruth.org/forum/showthread.php?t=1156
(6) Mauro may have adopted a pseudonym since the name of this Italian city Orbini, because, as a Croatian born in Dubrovnik, the capital of the then free Slavic Republic of Ragusa, he most likely originally had a Slavic surname.
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Slavs — The Oldest People on Earth
Orbini writes that the Slavs are to be the oldest people on Earth from which all nations come. Not only as Sclaveni, Veneds or Ants, but besides under another names, known as the alleged "german tribes", including Franks, Juts, English, Sasi, Wandals, Longobards, Goths, Alans, etc. The Slavs ruled much of Asia, occupied practically the full area of Europe, and ruled North Africa and many lands belonging to the Roman Empire, yet leading to its collapse. But they did not care about documenting their past by seeking only the fame they gained in life, passed down from generation to generation. Their enemies, on the another hand, avoided taking note of their defeats with the Slavs, ignoring many facts or interpreting them into their own style, and so lacking written accounts of the power of the Slavs of that period.
According to Orbini, the Slavs were to make the earliest aristocracy of Europe, specified as the first princely household of modern France – the Meroving dynasty, which was derived from the Slavic Duke of Merowa (Mirovój). The Franks themselves are the Wrennies7.
It is worth explaining that the word "wran" is vera + an, meaning "faithful sky", so Wran=Krak, due to the fact that K+ra+k means the same (k-from/to, *ra=sun and tip –k). Synonym
the name for Krak (Wrana) besides appears to be Alaric, as A- is an archaic prefix besides meaning from/after, in this case la=ra (ala = ara / aria), *rink – knight (end –k on behalf of Krak can be a uniform abbreviation for this term).
Wandals, like the Ostrogots, Visigoths, Gepids, Gets, Peucyns, Awars, Bastards, Burgunds, Alans, Heruls (Verla), Kwads, Daks, Markomans, Thracians and Illirs, according to Orbini, all belong to 1 Slavic strain and talk 1 Slavic language – Slavic. The renowns were besides called Weneds or Wenets.
The Slavicness of the Alans was written by Karol Wagryski (Lat. Carlo Vagriese), and the Awari considered the Slavic to be, according to Ortelius, a Benedictine monk who described the lives of Pepin, Charles the large and Louis the Pious8. Orbini believes that this can be believed, for in these times (IXth century) The Avatars were inactive alive.
Jeremi Ruski (Eremey Russkiy) in his “Moscow Yearbooks” writes that the Markomans are actual Slavs. To be confirmed, he presents in his annals an inscription carved in stone, which he found in the Marxian country, erstwhile he accompanied the ambassador of the Moscow Prince to the Emperor in Vienna:
OUY UKLOPYEN WAS AND MERA SGODE, KRUKOUYE USS
MARKOMAN AND BRETE SLAVNOV, LYTOU BOY NASGA
... MARKOMAN PROYDE.
STYN ... Pokoy ... LyTH v VIKA.
According to Orbini, this is nothing but Slavic words, and it explains this:
This stone has been slaughtered as a sign of peace between us,
MARCOMANS AND BROTHERS OF SLOVIANES, IN THE YEAR OF OUR WAR
... MARKOMANI MINE, GLAVE NO
... Stone... peace... for ever.
Thus, the translation may indicate that the Markomans fought against the Slavs, and that they made a covenant between them a year after the war. The addition of the Markomans passing away, and the Slavs not, alternatively shows that it is the work of the Slavs, not the Markomans, as Jeremi interprets, and behind him the Orbini. I do not know why the word Raven is omitted from the translation, which, in my opinion, means chief Slavic priest. Therefore, I would divide the passage of this entry into: KRUK OUY E, the word OUY is besides in the first row and means ‘this’, or ‘this’, and E is short for ‘is’.
Markoman, in my opinion, is “the governor” (*mark – Marchia, principality). The Markomans, therefore, are those who choose the prince, not only do they seem to be rally governments. That's why I would personally have translated this inscription differently:
THE STYN [CHEMBER] OF THIS ASSISTANT WAS AND is simply a MIR [MEMBER] CONSECTION,
THE KRUK OF IT OUR MARCOMAN AND BROTHER SLOVIAN,
THE YEAR OF OUR FIGHT...?
MARKOMAN will leave, but not fame
... STYN [CHAMBER] ...Peace ...for ages.
In another words, not necessarily the inscription had to be written by Markomani, but it is possible that it was the work of the Slavs who, after a period of fighting, entrusted power to the Raven (captain), making him Markoman, or prince. possibly this Raven may be the legendary Step / Crack. In the text, however, they clearly emphasize their attachment to the commune by pointing out that Markoman (the prince) will pass, and Slavs will not. Thus, the Slavic tradition and the fame of the Slavs will survive, even erstwhile there is no ruler to whom this stone will remain, to be a memorial of peace. The question remains what fights are involved, although the text of the inscription may indicate that the Raven fought for power and was yet entrusted with it, pointing out that it is alternatively a temporary solution.
This stone most likely no longer exists, as many akin memorabilia from pre - Christian times, which have fallen victim to the negation of evidence and manifestations of old faith. This.
More of Jeremy Ruski's message, noted by Orbini, is so important. In fact, however, we request to think more carefully about explaining this inscription. Both Orbini and I may be wrong. Jeremi may have made any mistakes in rewriting the stone text he saw, and Orbini in copying it. I myself think of another variant of the translation of this text, namely a fragment of KRUKOUYE, which Orbini modernises on KRVKOVYE, can be broken into KRV K OVY E, which in turn would mean KRW K [OD] OW [J]E[ST]. This would completely change the meaning of the full text, the blood fragment of which may mention to its transfer in battle, the origin of the family, or signify a blood sacrifice together with the burial of this stone in remembrance of the covenant, as a mandatory request to guarantee the favour of the gods, ultimate judges and guarantors of all alliances and promises.
Anyway, Orbini claims the Markomans were Slavs and period. I have a akin view of this, but not necessarily on the basis of this inscription9.
Scandinavia was besides to be, according to him, the home of Slavs, and present Swedes, Danes, Norwegians, or Icelanders are their descendants. Moreover, citing Albert Krantz, he believes Thule (the ancient name of Scandinavia) was the cradle of the Praslavians, where they crossed into the European continent about 1460 BC.
Originally from the Scandinavian Peninsula, all these nations (except the Illirs and Thracians) were known under the common name Goths. Francesco Irenico (Lat. Franciscus Irenicus, German: Franz Friedlieb), a German historian from the 16th century, describing the past and peoples of Germany (Germaniæ exegeseos volumina duodecim a Francisco Irenico Ettelingiaco exarata, 1518), tells us that the Ants, who were Slavic people, according to Jordanes and Prokopius' statements, besides came from the Goths, who were besides the ancestors of the Awaras, Scires, Alans and many another Slavic peoples. This claim is in line with the evidence of Abelius (history of the 4th/V century, describing the past of the Goths), Jordanes (Getica and Roman) and Paul Barnefried (owned by Paolo Barnefrido), called the Deacon.
According to Orbini Prokopius, the Goths were to be the Wandals, Visigoths, and Gepids, formerly known as the Sarmacs and the Melanchlyans. The opinion of Prokopius on this issue was shared, among others, by Nicefor Kalikst Ksantopul (Latin Nicephoras Callistus) – by the Byzantine historian of the Church of the 14th century, F. Martino (owned by F. Martino) in his Shortened Roman past and Lucius Faunus (owned by Lucio Fauno), author of the Compendio di Roma antica, 1552). And since many authors respect the Wandals as Sławan, it is obvious, according to Orbini, that they were besides Goths.
For example, Flavio Bondo (De Roma instaurata, 1444-1446) wrote that the Wandals and Slavs were 1 nation. He tells us that the Wandals were named after the Wandal River (including dal fiume Vandalo), and later became known as Slavs. In turn Johannes Magnus (owned by Gioanni Magno Gotho), a Swedish theologian and historian (History de omnibus Gothorum Sueonumque regibus), who began the list of Swedish rulers from the grandson of Bible Noah, Magog, and so the numbering of historical Swedish monarchs begins present with advanced figures. He besides wrote that the Slavs and the Wandals were truly 1 people and disagree only by name.
Adam Bremenski (Lat. M. Adami) besides says in the 2nd volume of Church past (History of ecclesiastica) from the 11th century that Slavs were formerly known as the Wandals: Slavic, the largest of the lands of Germany, is inhabited by Winuli, previously called Wandalami, reportedly it is [this Slavic] larger than our Saxony, especially if it includes the Czechs and Polan on the another side of Oder, who are neither language nor customized different from the remainder of Germany.
Pier Francesco Giambullari, an Italian author and historian from the 16th century, author of the past of Europe (including Istoria dell’Europa) writes that according to many references (Barnefried – Paweł Diakon, Jordanes, Irenico), The Wandals came from the Gothic tribes, although they later fought with the another Goths. In his work Orbini cites many different authors, specified as the completely unknown Frisian historian Peter Suffried (Lat. Petri Suffridus, frieze. Sjoerd Pieters Petrus), who lived from 1527 to 1597, author De Frisiorum antiquitate et origine libri tres (Colon, 1590). In the environment of Western historians, however, he is considered a fairy tale writer, as he gives many facts of history, not just Frisia, unknown in another sources (10). For example, he claimed that the ancient militants were driven out by the Markomans, or Wandals, who stay masters of the Czech Republic to this day. This actually means that the Czechs are descendants of the Wandals. Orbini besides quotes an astonishing quote from his book: All historians who wrote about the past of Britain agreed that Brutus, who formerly Albion called Britain by his name, drove giants off this island, called Slavs.
In developing this plot, Orbina continues to mention to any Dutch Chronicle, where it was written that the exiled Slavs sought a fresh headquarters, and sailed by ships to the banks of Lower Saxony, now called Frisia, but were driven from there by indigenous peoples. So they sailed further until they reached the mouth of the Mozy River (Mosa), where they stopped close ancient Vlarding. There they built a fortress called Slavenburg. This was to be in the days of King Samuel of the Jews 900 years before Christ.
Quoted by Orbini Suffridus, he claims that the exiled Slaves were later known as Svevi. Meanwhile, Johann Nauckler (Lat. Johannes Nauclerus), surviving at the turn of the 15th and 16th century Swabian historian, author of the planet Chronicle (Lat. Memorabilium omnis aetatis et omnium gentium protected commentaria, 1516), reported that the Slavs were owners of England, but Brutus drove them away. The remainder of Slavs surviving in east areas called Sarmation defeated Alexander the Great's expansive urges. They were besides to defeat Menedemos, Alexander's army commander, erstwhile they killed 2,000 infantrymen and 300 Macedonian riders. Quintus Kurtius Rufus (Latin Quintus Curtius Rufus), Senator and Roman consul, and historian of the 1st century C.E., in his work on the past of Alexander the large (Latin stories of Alexandria Magni), attributes this triumph to the Scites, which, according to Orbini, is simply a common mistake of Roman writers who considered most of the "barbaric" peoples to be Scythians, Celts or German.
However, Johannes Aventinus in his Bavarian Yearbooks (Lat. Annales Bojorum (11), 1523) clearly confirms that they were Slavs. In doing so, he gives an account of the message to Alexander the large people of east Germany, which historians call the Sarmatians and Scythians, and the Germans know them under the name of the Wends, or Slavs. Aventin writes that the Slavs, after defeating Alexander's troops, during a gathering with him about the rudder negotiations, informed him that he did not realize who he wanted to rise his sword on. They described themselves as a free and undefeated people who conquered King Scythia (12), followed by the Medes and the Persians. They were besides going to Egypt. They point out to Alexander that this 1 steals from conquered tribes alternatively of forming partnership alliances with them. They emphasize that they like to live in the bosom of nature, more in the forests above rivers, alternatively than in the cities, and they are not curious in the accumulation of large wealth, so they do not have specified temptations to conquer as he does, which are different from him. It sounds so strange, due to the fact that earlier Orbini convinced me that
Macedonians, including Alexander the large himself, are besides Slavs. In any case, they give him much good advice on how to deal with people and gain their approval and glory. They besides point out that if you consider yourself a god, you should give to mortals, not take distant what you have. But if he is only a man, he must remember that all men are equal and have no right to enslave or deprive anyone of his possessions. This is the only way to live in fame and relationship with others. Anyone who doesn't respect people cheats the gods. Slavic MPs believed that their people were the guardian of Asia and Europe. Their regulation is to extend to Bactria, and beyond Tana (Don) they dwell in the land as far as Thrace, which borders Macedonia. According to Aventine, however, Alexander disobeyed them and led a further war against the Slavs he lost.
Aventine besides adds that this large people came from the steppes in Sarmation and decided to leave the area westward in 2 groups. 1 of them occupied the lands north of the Danube up to the Baltic coast (presumably the Weneds and the Sarmacs), as confirmed by David Chytraeus' evidence alias Chyträus (Lat. Davidis Chytraei), a German historian, Lutheran, author of the 16th-century Chronicles of Saxony (Lat. Chronicon Saxoniae, 1590), who wrote that: The peoples that Germany calls Wends (Vuenden) are from the origins of Slavs, and our Wandale occupy the full coast of the Baltic(13).
We besides learn that, according to Suffridus, the natives of Westphalia and Ostfalia were Wandals, called Walami (Vali). They were besides known as Weneds, Wends, Henets,
The Venetians, the Vinites, the Slavs (Venedi, Vendi, Heneti, Veneti, Viniti, Slaui), as can be read in Saxo Grammar, Helmold, Eneash Silvius (involved by Enea Siluio), Alberta Krantz (lac.Albertus Crantius), Irenico, Reinentius (Reiner Reineccius), Wolfgang Lazius (Latius) and many others.
Orbini cites Albert Krantz (La Albertus Crantius), who emphasizes the unity of Slavs and Wandals, and in his books "Wandalia" and "Saxonia" uses the word "Vandali" on
the word Slav. Notes on Moskala (Rerum moscoviticarum commentario, 1549) by Zygmunt (Siegmund) von Herberstein besides prove this. Referring to Nestor, this author recounts that after a series of disputes and disagreements between Slavic peoples from the Slavic region of Sławieńska, the council of elders called on the rulers of Wagria Citta (Vvagria Citta), a land located in Polabia, in the vicinity of Lubeka and the Duchy of Holstein to aid them elect a fresh prince. The Waregs are therefore, in his opinion, Slavic Vagros, a strain of vandals, speaking the same language alternatively than the Normans(14). It should be added that the promoter of a akin thesis was besides M.W. Lomonosov, who argued with G.F. Miller's concept of the normanic ancestry of the Rurykovich dynasty(15).
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(7) Frankie = Mornings.
(8) This may be about Benedict of Anian (fr. Benoît d’Aniane), who had the surname of the household Vitiz and was associated with these 3 rulers.
(9) T.J. Kosiński, Heroes of the Old Slavs, Warsaw 2022.
(10) P.L. Müller, Petrus Suffridus, [in:] Allgemeine Deutsche Biography 25 (1887), online version: https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd129891938.html#adbcontent
(11) Bavaria (German: Bayer), is simply a Slavic land called Boyka, or otherwise Bojovaria, was formerly inhabited by the people of the Bojów (Wars) who in present-day historiography are considered a Celtic tribe. They besides include the name Bojhemia (Bohemia), later changed to the Czech Republic.
(12) This would imply that the Wends (Words) conquered the Scythians, not the another way round. possibly that is why the less-oriented early authors called them Scytes. In my opinion, this may be due to the fact that we are dealing with Sarmatians who, as a Scythian sect, at any point not only separated from them, but besides dominated
This full group of peoples became known as Sarmatia.
(13) This may indicate that the clever Chytrus begins to separate the Veneds from the Wandals, treating the erstwhile as
Slavs, but others already for theirs, or Germans, as the next authors picked up causing a dispute over ethnicity
Vandals that lasts until today
(14)nOrbini and the Normans consider themselves descendants of the Goths, or Slavs, so taking specified assumptions into account the ethnicity of the Waregs does not make sense.
(15) M.W. Lomonosov, Возражениях на диссертацию Миллера, 6. M.-Л, 1952.
Also Pomorzanin Piotr Atropius (Italian: Pietro Artopeo Pomerano, Latin: Petrus Artopeus Pomeranus, German: Peter Becker), does not separate the Wandals from the Slavs, including, of course, the Russians. Orbini writes that on the map of this author published in Cosmographiae universalis (1540) by Sebastian Münster, you can see that the full Magnopolonia region between Holstein and the Infinants was inhabited by the Wandals, or Slavs. In fact, how to compare the first map of Atropius and the version published by Münster, it is evident that the second historian included information about the Wandals in the description of the map of the Pomeranian cartographer and named it Vandalia, in an area west of Gdańsk.
Based on the opinions of all those quoted by Orbini scholars, he recognizes the Goths, Visigoths, Wandali and Geths as the same Slavic nation.
He believes that in addition to the accounts and opinions of historians on this matter, his claims are confirmed by the names of rulers specified as: Vidimir (Vuidimir), Sigimir, Theodomir, Frigimir, Sveulad, Selimir, Gelmir, Radagast, Rahimir (Rachimir), Raimir (Raimir), Sigismir, Vizumar, Vitiz, Misislav or Mislav, Visislao, Singiban, Predemir or Obrad.
In addition, it provides a mini dictionary with a comparison of the language of Wandal and Sławan, indicating clear convergence, including words specified as:
Fragment of the Vandal-Slovenian Dictionary from the work of M. Orbini (1601)
The above dictionary, containing a full of about 180 words, Orbini states behind the second book of the mysterious Karl Wagry (Lat. Carlo Vagriese, owned by Carlo della Wagria, ros. Карл Вагрийский) and although it is impossible to find information about this author, or about his works outside of citations, as he does not even appear in Vatican indexes, it is possible to give religion to Orbini that he utilized his work entitled past of Vends, which possibly only in manuscript was located in the library of Federigo dei Montefeltro in Urbino. Orbini reported that Wolfgang Lazius (Laz, Latius), an Austrian humanist, cartographer, historian and physician, surviving in the 16th century, besides included a akin list of vandal words in his book XI (16). Also, this book cannot be found, unfortunately, because, perhaps, it was lost in the fire of the 30 Years' War that broke out in Europe in 1618.
year. That's why Orbini's work is so valuable, though branded.
Many authors reported that the Wandal speech was the same as another Slavs. That is why Marcin Kromer's opinion is surprising, who does not consider the Wandals to be Slavic people, due to the fact that their language, in his opinion, is more akin to Germanic. It is hard to find the basis on which this claim is based, since the author Jean Bodin in his 1566 work clearly states that Poles, Czechs, Russians, Lithuanians, Moscows, Bosnians, Bulgarians, Serbs, Croats, Dalmatians and Wandals usage the same Slavic language, which is besides utilized in Scandinavia, and they disagree only in dialects. Sic enim audio Polonos, Bohemos, Rußios, Lithhuanos, Moschouitas, Boßinos, Bulgaros, Seruios, Croatios, Dalmatias, Vandaloseade[m] Sclauorum vti lingua, quæ in Sca[n]dia vsurpatur, ac sola dialecto difference) (17).
Kromer most likely wanted to cut off Poles from the Wandals, who were beginning to attach the description of "destroyers" (from which to this day the word "vandal" has a pejorative speech (18), and besides to bind them more clearly to Sarmatians, due to the fact that it was at that time that Sarmatism entered the Polish salons with a pump. The lechicko-vandal theory, which was propagated by Kadłubek, among others, connecting the Wandals with the Lechits, was practically replaced by the lechicko-sarmatic explanation in the 16th century. Only a fewer authors put a sign of equality between the Wandals, the Lechites and the Sarmats.
The conclusions of this short dictionary for learning the Vandal language are more than obvious, namely, vandal sounds like a lechite dialect, close to Polish and Czech. Mauro Orbini himself points this out unequivocally, quoting a corresponding passage from Rerum Moscoviticarum Herbertstein. Il Regno would not possibly fall into the hands of censorship if Orbini had not carelessly written that: Even Petrus Artopeus Pomeranus nowhere in his works distinguishes the Wandals from the Slavs. Cited by him, Peter Artopous, besides known as Peter Becker, was a Pomeranian poet, theologian, reformer and Lutheran pastor, already on the list of persecuted authors. Therefore, we can be certain that the clergy did not neglect to see the impudence of Orbini, so the essential steps were taken to defend future readers from the “evil of heretics” and his work were placed, 2 years after the issue, on the Index of Forbidden Books.
After Pribojevich Orbini, he besides repeats the thesis that the Macedonians were not Greeks due to the fact that they spoke Slavic, as evidenced by his historical references.
As Orbini writes, the celebrated language, which in old times was a determinant of ethnicity, utilized peoples surviving from the Caspian Sea to Saxony and from
The Adriatic Sea after Germanese (Baltic).
According to Jan Dubravius, a Czech clergyman and writer, author past of Bohemiee regni (1552), The Slavs took their name from the Sarmatian word "slouo" – a word, having on
note that all Sarmatian peoples scattered around the planet talk the same language. So did Martin Kromer, which justified their integrity and tendency to
keeping a word. To this day Poles and Czechs despise people who do not keep their promises in good faith, which does not suit noble people. It's a substance of honor they can even die for.
Orbini, however, tends more personally to the etymology of ethnonim Sławanie than ‘famous’. This is to be a mention to the glorious victories of this people, which is recorded in popular celebrated names, specified as: Stanisław, Wienczysław, Władysław, Dobrosław, Radosław, Bolesław. This fact is seen by many prominent authors, and 1 of them is Reiner Reineccius, author of the Chronicon Hierosolymtanum (1584).
Reineccius' conviction is shared by the previously mentioned clergyman and author Jeremi Ruski (Russian: Еремей Русский, owned by Geremia Russo), who wrote the Russian Letopies in 1227 (Italian: Gli Annali di Russia). At the date of 1118, he placed the following account: erstwhile Russia was affected by interior wars, Krunosław (Crunoslau) came to our borders with a powerful Slavic army and defeated our troops in battle. Krunosław himself was killed, as was his son, and their bodies were buried close Voich's citadel. This nation regularly destroyed our borders, demonstrating large cruelty, despite our kinship. They are called Slavs due to their many victories and glorious deeds, I believe, uncovering much evidence in the ancient tradition of our ancestors.
Bernard Justinian (owned by Bernardo Giustiniano), Italian bishop and author of past (1608), is another author who tells us rather unequivocally that the Slavs received their glorious name due to the fact that they were brave warriors. In the 3rd volume of his work he writes: Then the arrogant Slavic nation invaded Istria and reached the borders of Venice. In those days many tribes attacked the Roman Empire, but the Slavs, the Scythian nation (sticica), received their glorious name due to their military courage.
Therefore, Orbini concludes that this nation could not have had a different name, but only Sławanie, and so it was called by many scientists, including Helmold, Abbot Arnold (Arnoldo Abbate), George Verengerius (Giorgio Vuerenhero), Sigismund Herberstein, Giorgio Cedreno, Johannes Herburt (Gioa ni Herburto), Aleksander Gwagnin (Alessandro Guaino).
He further cites further quotations from Aventina, including the settlement of lands adjacent to the confederate coast of the Baltic Sea by violent people called Esta (Ests)
And another celebrated tribes. He besides cites Ptolemy (III, 5), who writes: Many peoples of Veneds live in most of Sarmation in the Gulf of Venedda. The second group occupied areas south of the Danube (possibly it is about Jazygs and Geths). This is not very consistent with the information previously given by Orbini about the Goths Passage (Slovenian) from their home office in Tule (Scandinavia) to the south. Unless the Goths originally belonged to the first group that settled not only confederate but besides northern banks of the Baltic.
Referring to Plinius, he reports that in ancient times the Serbs inhabited areas in the area of the Azov Sea. After any time they left these premises and any of them went to the Danube and advanced Mesia, and the remainder gradually settled the areas of European Sarmation, including the current Poland. A large group reached Lusatia, where they inactive live today.
Orbini besides recalls that the Slavs besides fought each other, as is illustrated by their conflict with the Ants. To confirm the identity of Sławans and Ants, he cites Prokopius, who claimed that both tribes in all respect are equal and similar. They were previously called the Spors. Prokopius besides writes about the Wars of Slavs with the Illirs and the Thracians, who suffered terrible defeats and acts of cruelty. Well, assuming Orbini's presumption of the Slavicness of these 3 peoples, it seems that the northern group of Slavs did not like the confederate 1 very much. Slavs from across the Danube plundered Roman lands, and the Gepids helped them cross the river.
He then reports that Flavio Bondo (a Italian historian from the 15th century) noted that the Slavs were notoriously crossing the Danube for looting purposes, and that a group of them were permanently surviving on the right coast of the Adriatic, so lands formerly called Istria and Dalmatia are now called Slavonia.
Later, Orbini writes about the Slavic expeditions to Roman territories and describes their many battles with Byzantine troops in the 6th century. He besides cites Paul Deacon’s description of the Longobard expedition, which Orbini besides recognizes as a Slavic sect, to Apulla under Arioald. There, 1 of the local princes of Rudoald was to negociate with them, after his brother Rion died in battle, in his native Slavic language. These were the winning Sławans called the Narentans (Nerechans, Pagans (19). They fought for many years with the Venetians and inhabitants of Dalmatia over dominance at sea. The Longobards20 in the days of Agilulf were to capture Padua and Cremona with the Slavs.
Again referring to Aventine, Orbini writes about the Slavic business of the full lower Bavarian and the conquest by 1 of their tribes, called the Chorutans (Caritans), part of the Roman state of Noricum.
He besides cites the legend of Lech and the Czech Republic, recognizing them as Croats, who, after the assassination of 1 of the Czech comrades, were forced to leave their native lands and went to Moravia. After any time Lech left the Czech Republic and went to Silesia establishing his country there – Lechia (21).
citing Albert Krantz, he writes that Pomeranian and Kashubian lived in the Baltic lands even before Christ was born. The French monk Aimoin (History of Francorum), surviving at the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries, identifies the Velatabi tribe with the Velatabi (Wilts). In contrast, Orbini, quoting the Cosmography of Sebastian Münster, states that the Heruls and the Obodrics were otherwise called Wandals. Krantz and Lazius besides claimed that Odoaker was a Romanian Slav. I would like to remind you that our Longevity besides derived him from Rus, who was to be the descendant of Lech. Rügen was someway strangely recorded in the mediate Ages the same way as Russia, or Ruthenia, so possibly Długosz and the German authors mentioned were right.
Summary
Orbini's work is among many forgotten sources, most frequently overlooked by Polish and Western historians, as his thesis does not match accepted paradigms and visions of past tailored to the needs of a peculiar historical policy. Thus, the works of the authors whom he cites, or at least the passages cited by him, are treated in the statements of historical dormitories, as unreliable messages, not worth much attention. Selectivity, bias and servillism of scholars on origin and importance It's been a long time.
During Peter I's time, Orbini's work, in summary form and in translation on the Russian conducted by Sawa Lukaz Vladislovich-Raguziński (Serb. Сава , Sava Vladislavić Raguzinski) and with the foreword of the Orthodox bishop and intellectual Teofan Prokopovich (Russian: Феофа́н Прокопо́вич), was published in St. Petersburg in 1722. The nun Paisius Chilendarski wrote on the basis of it a Slavic-Bulgarian communicative (1762), while besides utilizing the work of Vasily Tatischev (22).
Unfortunately, everything that Russian has been recognized for any time as a manifestation of harmful panslawism, and in a bag with specified a inscription are besides hastily thrown in for any time all Slavophile papers and views, as if these 2 terms (panslawism and Slavophile) were to be equivalent. Therefore, the cognition of Orbini himself, as well as his Russian translations, or works based on his work, is small or intentionally limited by questioning his credibility. It is interesting that the same critics are not disturbed by the rousing philogermanism in science, the bias in the selection of sources, the glorification of selected authors, and the interest in technological activities for only the correct version of history.
Mauro Orbini (public domain)
Orbini surely tended to over-interpretation, but in his work we can besides find quite a few crucial information that requires further research, even though they are not the authors of technological paradigms about our past created during the period of conquest and strengthening of Christianity in Slavic times, and established during the occupations of the Republic. If we can decode our mind, programmed from an early age, and get free of intellectual displacement syndrome of all things incompatible with what we have been put into our heads over the years of school education and in the media, we may see that this historical puzzle should look a small different.
The authors specified as Mauro Orbini, who in spite of others tried to regain and advance the fact about the past and heritage of the Slavs, have a large share in its reconstruction.
Tomasz J. Kosiński
18.09.2022
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(16) http://chronologia.org/en/seven5/annex2.html
(17) J. Bodinus, Methodus ad facil historiarum cognition, Paris 1566; cf. R. Van Rooy, J. Considine: Between Homony and Polysmy...
(18) In a akin way, the word "failure" came from the destructive Avars.
(19) Ethnonim Nerechanie may mean ‘stateless’ (*a thing, a state). On the another hand, the word Pagan and related island Pag indicate that they were natives (pag < sting / bud – oval settlement called the eyepiece or eyepiece, referring to the solar ellipse and solar cult popular with Slavs and another peoples).
(20) In my opinion, Longobarads are the Lęgobrats, i.e. the Lęg brothers (Lęhów), and bard / bart is simply a twisted brother, not a beard.
(21) Therefore, Silesia, or Slesia, means “from Lesów / Leszeków = Lechów”.
(22) Zarcalo dvhovno from a pacetka and sfarhe xivota coviecanskoga: razdieglieno, and razreyeno at petnaes razgovora, and at a stoo, and pedeset dubbia, alliti sumgna poglavitieh. Vcigenieh meyu mesctrom, and gnegoviem vcenjkom. / Istomaceno that yezikka italianskoga in dubrovakka by D. Mavru Orbin Dubrovcani Opattu from S. Marie from Backe, from Red Sfetoga Benedikt. (A spiritual mirror...), 1595; Книга историография початия имене, славы и разширения славянского, и их и владетелеи под под многими имянами, и со многими, королевствами, и, и провинциами, 1722; Russian online version:https://dlib.rsl.ru/viewer/01003341482#?page=1
Cf. http://tvoyhram.ru/stati/st96str1.html Croatian:https://archive.org/details/KraljevstvoSlavenaMavroOrbini; Serbian:https://www.ivantic.info/Ostale_knjiige/istorija/Orbini_Kraljevstvo%20Slovena.pdf; M. Opбин, Краљевство Словена, Београд 1968.
Bibliography and netography
Bodinus J., Methodus ad facil historiarum cognitionem, Paris 1566.
Kosiński T.J., Heroes of Old Slavs, Warsaw 2022.
Lomonosov M.W., Возражениях на диссертацию, т. 6. M.-Л, 1952.
Madunić D., Vinko Pribojević and the Glory of the Slavs, Budapest 2003.
Orbini M., Il regno degli Slavi, Pesaro, 1601.
Pribojevic V., Oratio de origine sucessionibusque Slavorum, 1532.
Rastell J., A Treatise Intitled, Beware of M. Iewel, Antwerp 1566;
Van Rooy R., Considine J.: Between Homonymy and Polysemy: The Origins and Career of the
English Form Dialect in the Sixth Century, [in:] England 2016; 134(4): 639–667.
Zarcalo dvhovno from a pacetka and sfarhe xivota coviecanskoga: razdieglieno, and razreyeno at petnaes razgovora, and at a stoo, and pedeset dubbia, alliti sumgna poglavitieh. Vcigenieh meyu mesctrom, and gnegoviem vcenjkom. / Istomaceno that yezikka italianskoga in dubrovakka by D. Mavru Orbin Dubrovcani Opattu from S. Marie from Backe, from Red Sfetoga Benedikt. (The spiritual Mirror...), 1595.
http://chronologia.org/en/seven5/annex2.html
http://www.macedoniantruth.org/forum/showthread.php?t=1156
Müller P.L., Petrus Suffridus, [in:] Allgemeine Deutsche Biography 25 (1887), online version:
https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd129891938.html#adbcontent
Orbini M., Il Regno de gli Slaui hoggi corrottamente detti Schiauoni. past of di don Mauro Orbini rauseo abbate melitense. Nella quale si vede l’origine quasi di tutti i popoli che furono della lingua slaua, con molte, & varie guerre, che fecero in Europe, Asia, & Africa. Pesaro 1601. (Google Books)
Книга историография початия, славы разширения разширения славянского, и их владетелеи владетелеи под под многими имянами имянами, со многими царствиями, королевствами, и и, 1722.
Орбин M., Краљевство Словена, Београд 1968.
Other language versions of Orbini's work online:
Russian: https://dlib.rsl.ru/viewer/01003341482#?page=1 ♪ Oh, yeah ♪ http://tvoyhram.ru/stati/st96str1.html;
Croatian: https://archive.org/details/KraljevstvoSlavenaMavroOrbini;
Serbian: https://www.ivantic.info/Ostale_knjiige/istorija/Orbini_Kraljevstvo%20Slovena.pdf
for: Tomasz J. Kosiński ” Forgotten ‘Kingdom of Slavian’ Mauro Orbini’ 2022.
Note about the Author:
Tomasz Józef Kosiński. Born 1970. Kielchanin. By education, a master of social sciences, a lover of historians, ethnologists and Slaves. Prof. Andrzej's student
Wierciński, an anthropologist of culture. Supporter of the Bronisław Malinowski method. erstwhile academic lecturer (University of Jan Kochanowski in Kielce). Manager
and coach many training projects. presently an independent investigator of Slavic history, a cognition promoter, and a fact tracker. Popularizer of the thought of regionalism and old Slavicism. Publisher, editor, publicist. Active social worker, founder and associate of respective NGOs, organise cultural events, expeditions and training. A passion for conscious tourism, a licensed abroad tour pilot, visited 112 countries on 6 continents. Sailor, diver, endurance sympathizer, slow life and off-grid. He knows respective abroad languages well. He has been temporarily surviving in the Philippines for respective years, where he runs an eco-ministerial service according to the thought of surviving close to nature
more: https://kosinski.pl/
